| Description: |
Dihydrocapsaicin, a potential inducer of autophagy, has cytotoxic activity. It has anti-atherogenic activity, can reduce the susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation. Dihydrocapsaicin treatment depletes peptidergic nerve fibers of substance P and alters mast cell density in the respiratory tract of neonatal sheep. |
| Targets: |
LDL | Caspase | p53 | ROS | Autophagy | LC3-II |
| In vitro: |
| J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Aug 23;54(17):6436-9. | | Effects of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and curcumin on copper-induced oxidation of human serum lipids.[Pubmed: 16910741 ] | The oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is believed to be the initiating factor for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The active ingredients of spices such as chili and turmeric (capsaicin and curcumin, respectively) have been shown to reduce the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
One of the techniques used to study the oxidation of LDL is to isolate LDL and subject it to metal-induced (copper or iron) oxidation. However, whole serum may represent a closer situation to in vivo conditions than using isolated LDL. We investigated the effects of different concentrations (0.1-3 microM) of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and curcumin on copper-induced oxidation of serum lipoproteins. The lag time (before initiation of oxidation) and rate of oxidation (slope of propagation phase) were calculated. The lag time increased, and the rate of oxidation decreased with increasing concentrations of the tested antioxidants (p < 0.05). A 50% increase in lag time (from control) was observed at concentrations between 0.5 and 0.7 microM for capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and curcumin.
CONCLUSIONS:
This study shows that oxidation of serum lipids is reduced by capsaicinoids and curcumin in a concentration-dependent manner. |
|
| In vivo: |
| Regul Pept. 2000 Jul 28;91(1-3):97-106. | | Dihydrocapsaicin treatment depletes peptidergic nerve fibers of substance P and alters mast cell density in the respiratory tract of neonatal sheep.[Pubmed: 10967206] |
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In the present study we administered dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) to neonatal lambs to deplete C-fibers of neuropeptides. We measured the density of substance P (SP)-fibers in nasal septum to assess the effectiveness of the treatment at 3, 9, and 21 days. The numbers of mast cells in the upper and lower respiratory tract were determined at the same time points and histamine content was determined from lung tissue. DHC treatment depleted SP-fibers for up to the 21 day time point. This depletion was estimated as 85% in comparison with controls. In vehicle-treated lambs, the density of SP-fibers decreased progressively with age, but not to the degree of DHC-treated lambs whose SP-fibers were depleted from the initial 3-day measurement. In both, vehicle- and DHC-treated lambs, numbers of mast cells increased progressively with time; however, the density of mast cells was augmented in the entire respiratory tract of DHC-treated animals. Apparently, DHC treatment exerts a single and initial effect in increasing mast cells whereas time maintains a continuous influence; both factors exert their influence independently. Despite large numbers of mast cells in DHC-treated animals, histamine content in the lung had similar levels as controls.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our study provides fundamental data for a better understanding of conditions that may influence defense mechanisms dependent on the mast cell-nerve axis in the respiratory tract. |
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