| In vitro: |
| Planta Med. 2014 Jun;80(8-9):676-81. | | In vitro antiplasmodial activity of benzophenones and xanthones from edible fruits of Garcinia species.[Pubmed: 24963617] | Species of Garcinia have been used to combat malaria in traditional African and Asian medicines, including Ayurveda. In the current study, we have identified antiplasmodial benzophenone and xanthone compounds from edible Garcinia species by testing for in vitro inhibitory activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Whole fruits of Garcinia xanthochymus, G. mangostana, G. spicata, and G. livingstonei were extracted and tested for antiplasmodial activity.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Garcinia xanthochymus was subjected to bioactivity-guided fractionation to identify active partitions. Purified benzophenones (1-9) and xanthones (10-18) were then screened in the plasmodial lactate dehydrogenase assay and tested for cytotoxicity against mammalian (Vero) cells. The benzophenones guttiferone E (4), isoxanthochymol (5), and guttiferone H (6), isolated from G. xanthochymus, and the xanthones α-mangostin (15), β-mangostin (16), and 3-isomangostin (17), known from G. mangostana, showed antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values in the range of 4.71-11.40 µM. Artemisinin and chloroquine were used as positive controls and exhibited IC50 values in the range of 0.01-0.24 µM.
CONCLUSIONS:
The identification of antiplasmodial benzophenone and xanthone compounds from G. xanthochymus and G. mangostana provides evidence for the antiplasmodial activity of Garcinia species and warrants further investigation of these fruits as dietary sources of chemopreventive compounds. | | International Journal of Biotechnology for Wellness Industries, 2015, 3(4):111-20. | | Health and Wellness Product from Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Rind: Bioactive Potentials[Reference: WebLink] | 70% AE contained phenolics 60.08± 0.213 mg/g and xanthones 22.56± 0.317 mg/g. HPLC analysis revealed a spectrum of phenolic acids such as gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic, epicatechin, catechin and ferulic acids at various levels.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Potent Free Radical Scavenging (FRS) activity, cytoprotectivity, DNA protectivity, H + K + ATPase inhibitory (PPAI) activities were observed in 70% AE. Gallic/tannic acid appear to contribute to antioxidant activity; while ferulic acid was responsible for PPAI activity in 70%AE. Among xanthones, although-mangostin was the dominating component, gartanin, 8 deoxygartanin and 3-Isomangostin contributed to FRS activity. The products were prepared from 70%AE which are sensorially acceptable.
CONCLUSIONS:
Data thus for the first time delineate the specific health beneficial role of both phenolic and xanthone constituents in MSR particularly with higher abundance of phenolics than xanthones. |
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