| In vitro: |
| Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2012, 60(23):5893-5898. | | Bioassay-Directed Isolation and Identification of Phytotoxic and Fungitoxic Acetylenes from Conyza canadensis.[Reference: WebLink] | Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist syn. (horseweed) is a problematic and invasive weed with reported allelopathic properties.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
To identify the phytotoxic constituents of the aerial parts, a systematic bioactivity-guided fractionation of the dichloromethane extract was performed. Three active enyne derivatives, (2Z,8Z)-matricaria acid methyl ester, (4Z,8Z)-matricaria lactone, and 4(Z)-lachnophyllum lactone, were identified. The lactones inhibited growth of the monocot Agrostis stolonifera (bentgrass) and the dicot Lactuca sativa (lettuce) at 1 mg mL(-1), while the (2Z,8Z)-matricaria acid methyl ester was less active. In a dose-response screening of the lactones for growth inhibitory activity against Lemna paucicostata ,4(Z)-lachnophyllum lactone was the most active with an IC(50) of 104 μM, while the (4Z,8Z)-matricaria lactone was less active (IC(50) of 220 μM). In a fungal direct bioautography assay, the two lactones at 10 and 100 μg/spot inhibited growth of the plant pathogenic fungi Colletotrichum acutatum , Colletotrichum fragariae , and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides .
CONCLUSIONS:
In a dose-response screening of the lactones against six different plant pathogenic fungi, (4Z,8Z)-matricaria lactone was more active than the commercial fungicide azoxystrobin on Col. acutatum , Col. fragariae , and Col. gloeosporioides at 30 μM and about as active as the commercial fungicide captan against Col. gloeosporioides , while 4(Z)-lachnophyllum lactone was less active. |
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