| Description: |
Abietic acid, an abietane diterpenoid, inhibited soybean 5-lipoxygenase with an IC50 of 29.5 ± 1.29 μM.Abietic acid acts as a PPARα/γ dual activator to inhibit UVB-induced MMP-1 expression and age-related inflammation by suppressing NF-κB and the MAPK/AP-1 pathway and can be a useful agent for improving skin photoageing. Abietic acid can be used not only for anti-inflammation but also for regulating lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis.
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| Targets: |
NF-kB | p65 | PPAR | MMP(e.g.TIMP) | MAPK | AP-1 | NO | PGE | COX | IL Receptor |
| In vitro: |
| J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2010 Mar;46(2):119-25. | | Tetrahydroabietic Acid, a Reduced Abietic Acid, Inhibits the Production of Inflammatory Mediators in RAW264.7 Macrophages Activated with Lipopolysaccharide.[Pubmed: 20216944 ] | Abietic acid (AA), the main component of the rosin fraction of oleoresin synthesized by conifer species, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. AA is a weak contact allergen; however, compounds resulting from its oxidation by air elicit stronger allergic response. Hydrogenation of the conjugated double bonds of AA, as in tetrahydroabietic acid (THAA), decreases its susceptibility to air oxidation and would thus reduce the allergenicity of AA. The aim of this study was to investigate whether THAA could exert anti-inflammatory effects to the same extent as AA in RAW264.7 macrophages activated with the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
METHODS AND RESULTS:
THAA and AA inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) by suppressing the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, respectively, in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. They also inhibited the LPS-induced production of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
CONCLUSIONS:
Both THAA and AA prevented the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor-kappaB/p65 subunit, suggesting that THAA may inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators through the same mechanism as AA. In comparison, the anti-inflammatory effects of THAA and AA were almost identical, indicating that THAA retains the anti-inflammatory activity of AA at least in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. |
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| In vivo: |
| J Med Food. 2011 Sep;14(9):1052-6. | | Abietic acid has an anti-obesity effect in mice fed a high-fat diet.[Pubmed: 21812648] | We investigated the anti-obesity effect of abietic acid in mice fed a high-fat diet with emphasis on changes in adipogenesis in epididymal adipose tissues.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups and fed a normal diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD plus oral administration of abietic acid (20 mg/kg of body weight/day [LA] or 40 mg/kg of body weight/day [HA]) for 8 weeks. Compared with the HFD group, mice orally administered 40 mg of abietic acid/kg of body weight/day exhibited significantly decreased body weight and adipose tissue weights. Serum triglyceride concentrations in the HA group were significantly lower than those in the HFD group, as were the levels of serum insulin and leptin. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that epididymal adipose tissue mass was decreased by abietic acid administration. Abietic acid also inhibited the protein expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, and CD36 in epididymal adipose tissues, which are up-regulated by HFDs.
CONCLUSIONS:
These data demonstrate that abietic acid has an anti-obesity effect in mice mediated by the regulation of adipogenesis. |
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